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Lukas Alexander Anders

Investigation of potential organic markers for source apportionment of ship emissions via single-particle mass spectrometry

Universität Rostock, 2025

https://doi.org/10.18453/rosdok_id00004904

Abstract: The increasing regulation of ship emissions by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) regarding health, environmental, and climatic aspects compels shipping companies to adopt modern fuels. These often lack transition metals such as nickel, iron, or vanadium, which were traditionally used to identify the source of marine emissions. As these emissions are not necessarily characterized by metallic markers, their source attribution becomes significantly more challenging. Modern fuels are frequently more expensive and continue to impact health, environment, and climate despite regulatory measures. This dissertation investigates novel organic markers for source apportionment of ship emissions from modern fuels. The research focuses on determining characteristic distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in relevant marine fuels, particularly various heavy fuel oils (HFOs) and marine gas oil (MGO). Additionally, the applicability of EC/OC ratios as potential ship markers is evaluated. The analysis employs state-of-the-art single-particle mass spectrometry, enabling simultaneous real-time detection of organic and inorganic particle components. This method combines a bipolar time-of-flight system with laser ionization methods. The study demonstrates the successful implementation of this measurement technology in laboratory and field experiments, identifies methodological limitations, and proposes optimization approaches for future ship emission measurements.

doctoral thesis   free access